Banksia aemula

Wallum Banksia (Banksia aemula) is the banksia for sandy coastal ground where most shrubs give up. In a garden it grows to about 4m tall and 3m wide as a gnarled upright shrub, carrying thick greenish yellow flower spikes that honeyeaters and lorikeets strip for nectar. Corky bark and the old seed cones give it real character even out of flower.

Why you'll love it

• A serious bird plant. The large nectar rich spikes feed honeyeaters and lorikeets directly, and the spent cones hold seed that cockatoos work over later.
• It wants poor sandy soil. Ground that defeats most garden shrubs is exactly where this one performs, which makes it invaluable on coastal sand.
• Coastal and drought tough. Salt tolerant, wind hardened and drought tolerant once established, so it holds up in front line coastal positions.
• Character in every season. Corky bark, stiff serrated leaves and woody cones give it structure all year, not just in flower.

Where it works best

Coastal gardens. This is its natural home. Sandy soil, salt wind and full exposure suit it, and it works where anything softer would burn off on the seaward side.

Informal screening. Plant 2m apart for an informal screen. It will never be a flat clipped hedge, so expect a rugged, open textured barrier that filters a view rather than blocking it.

Feature and mass planting. A single mature plant is sculptural, with twisted branching that reads well against sand. Grouped at the same 2m spacing it makes a wildlife planting needing no irrigation once established.

Growing Wallum Banksia in Australia

Position and climate. Full sun, and plenty of air movement. It suits subtropical and warm temperate gardens along the eastern seaboard. Frost tolerance is light frost only, so cold inland districts and hard frosting southern gardens are not suitable.

Soil. Sandy and free draining is not a preference, it is a requirement. This species evolved in wallum heath and will not survive heavy clay or a bed that stays wet. Banksias are also phosphorus sensitive, so use a low phosphorus native food or none at all.

Water and feed. Water weekly through the first summer to settle the roots, then leave it alone except in extended drought. It genuinely does better underfed than overfed.

Pruning. Tip prune young plants lightly to encourage branching. On established plants take only the spent flower stems and the top few centimetres, and never cut into bare old wood.

What to expect when it arrives

This one is grown in a single size, tube stock. That is standard for banksias and it is an advantage rather than a compromise: their roots resent being confined, so a tube planted straight into position will usually overtake a larger potted plant within two or three years. Expect a young plant of roughly 15cm to 25cm.

Tube stock travels well because the plants are small and the foliage is stiff. Plant it out promptly into sandy free draining soil and handle the root ball as little as possible. Expect slow growth in the first year, then a real lift in the second, with first flowering usually in year three or four. Plants are delivered Australia wide, with delivery from $29.95. Every plant is covered by our 30 day healthy plant guarantee.

Plant care guides and related reading

• How to grow banksias in an Australian garden
• Browse the full banksia range
• Salt tolerant plants for coastal gardens
• Native plants with yellow flowers

Common questions

How big does it actually get?

In wallum heath it can reach 8m, but in a home garden it typically settles at 3m to 4m tall and about 3m wide. Garden conditions keep it a large shrub rather than a small tree.

Why did my banksia die suddenly?

Two usual causes: phosphorus and drainage. Banksias cannot process the phosphorus in ordinary fertilisers and manures, and they will not survive in soil that stays wet.

Will it grow in clay soil?

Not reliably. This species is adapted to deep coastal sand and struggles in clay even when the bed is raised. If your soil is heavy, a clay tolerant banksia species is a better bet.